Robotic arms are categorized based on their drive mechanisms. Here’s a detailed look at the four main types:

Hydraulic Drive

Strengths:

• High Gripping Capacity: Capable of handling very heavy loads, up to several hundred kilograms.
• Smooth Operation: Provides precise and smooth movement.
• Durability: Built to withstand impacts, vibrations, and explosions.

Challenges:

• Precision Required: High manufacturing and sealing precision are essential to prevent oil leaks, which can be environmentally damaging.

Pneumatic Drive

Strengths:

• Simple Structure: Features a straightforward design that is low-cost and easy to maintain.
• Rapid Response: Delivers quick action and movements.

Challenges:

• Limited Gripping Capacity: Restricted by air pressure, making it less suitable for heavy loads.
• Speed Control: Air pressure control can be challenging, affecting precision.

Electrical Drive

Strengths:

• Powerful and Precise: Handles significant loads (up to 400kg) and offers precise control with various flexible control schemes.
• Versatile: Easy integration with diverse control systems.

Challenges:

• Reduction Mechanisms: High-speed motors often require reduction mechanisms (like harmonic drives or gear drives). However, advancements like direct drive (DD) motors are simplifying designs and improving accuracy.

Mechanical Drive

Strengths:

• Reliability: Provides consistent and reliable operation for fixed actions.
• Speed and Cost: High-speed performance at a lower cost compared to other drive types.

Challenges:

• Fixed Actions: Designed for specific actions, making them less adaptable and difficult to adjust.

Each drive mechanism offers unique advantages and limitations. Choosing the right type depends on the specific requirements of your application and the desired balance between strength, precision, and flexibility.